9. Disinfection

Overview:  

As a result of successfully completing this chapter, readers will be able to:

Define the term, “disinfection,” and explain how disinfection differs from sterilization.

Review factors that impact the effectiveness of a disinfectant.

Discuss the relationship between the risk level (intended use) of the device to be disinfected and the selection of a disinfectant.

Explain disinfectant activity levels as they relate to the resistance of microorganisms to germicidal agents:

•       high-level disinfection

•       intermediate-level disinfection

•       low-level disinfection

Review factors that affect the chemical action of and other important selection considerations for disinfection.

•       Provide basic information about the types of disinfectants commonly used in healthcare facilities: quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, alcohol, halogens, glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde, and formaldehyde.

•       Review safety requirements that should be followed when using chemical disinfectants.

• Define the term, “thermal disinfection,” and note key points to ensure that it is occurring